![]() ![]() Generally, avoid using adjectives as nouns to label groups of people.Don’t hyphenate terms such as “Asian American” or “African American” in any position.Also capitalize terms like “Native American,” “Hispanic,” “Indigenous,” and “Aboriginal.” Don’t use colors to refer to other racial groups. Capitalize “Black” and “White” when used in the racial sense.As mentioned above, use “they” to refer to a person who uses “they” as their chosen pronoun and to refer to a generic individual of unknown gender.Replace terms that are unnecessarily gendered or that have sexist connotations with more inclusive alternatives (e.g., change “fireman” to “firefighter”).The results suggest that software can help schools improve student well-being.ĪPA also provides guidance on ensuring your language is inclusive and respectful.The table presents the algorithm’s predictions and their accuracy.The researcher wondered whether an algorithm could predict student engagement. ![]() The study wondered whether an algorithm could predict student engagement.Avoid doing this where it confuses your meaning, but feel free to do so when your point remains clear. When students agree to participate, they are provided with the necessary materials.Īnthropomorphism means attributing actions to objects that cannot literally take those actions.When a student agrees to participate, they are provided with the necessary materials.When a student agrees to participate, he or she is provided with the necessary materials.Also use “they,” not “he or she,” to refer to a generic individual whose gender is unknown or irrelevant in the context. Use the third-person pronoun “they” to refer to an individual who uses “they” as their chosen pronoun. Teachers should be patient with their students.As a teacher, one should be patient with one’s students.As a teacher, you should be patient with your students.If you need to make a generalization, use the impersonal pronoun “one” instead, or (usually the better option) rephrase. Second-person pronouns (you) should be avoided entirely unless you’re quoting someone else. However, avoid the editorial “we,” which involves using “we” to make a generalization about the world or about a group of people. The researcher(s) administered the test.Don’t refer to yourself in the third person. James and I mounted the projector on the wall.Īppropriate use of personal pronouns is key to maintaining an academic tone in your writing.įirst-person pronouns (I, we) should be used when referring to your own actions and thoughts.When it’s unimportant who carried out a particular action, the passive voice is a better choice. However, that doesn’t mean you can never use the passive voice. ĪPA therefore recommends using the active voice by default. The test was completed by the participants.It can be long-winded, and it sometimes obscures your meaning if you don’t specify the agent. The passive voice, which places the focus on the object of an action rather than on who or what is carrying it out (the agent), is often overused in academic writing. Frequently asked questions about APA language guidelines. ![]()
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